(2014), "Structural response of a low-fill box culvert under static and traffic loading", J. Thesis University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.Īcharya, R., Han, J., Brennan, J., Parsons, R. (2012), "Improved Load Distribution for Load Rating of Low-fill Box Structures", M.S. (1993), "Structural response of full-scale concrete box culvert", J. 1288 Transportation Research Board of National Academics, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. (1990), "Live load distribution on concrete box culverts", Transportation Research Record No. Elastic models for culverts, pavement layers, and surrounding soil are appropriate for numerical modeling of box culverts under loading for load rating purposes.Ībdel-Karim, A.M., Tadros, M.K. The deflection profiles obtained from the field test and the numerical simulation suggest that the traffic load acted more like a concentrated load distributed over a limited area on the culvert.
The deflections computed by the numerical method were in good agreement with those observed in the field test. The maximum deflections measured during the static and traffic loads were 0.6 mm and 0.41 mm respectively. The observed deflections in the field test were generally smaller under moving loads than static loads. The numerical results with the material properties determined in the laboratory were compared with the field test results. Linear elastic models were used for the pavement layers and soil. A 3-D numerical model of the culvert was developed using a finite difference program FLAC3D.
The properties of the soil and pavement layers were determined in the laboratory. Soil and pavement samples were obtained by drilling operation on the test site. Deflections under the culvert roof were measured during loading. A low-boy truck with a known axle configuration and loads was used to apply seven static load combinations and traffic loads at different speeds. The culvert in the field test was instrumented with displacement transducers to capture the deformations resulting from different combinations of static and traffic loads.
Additionally, the numerical analysis results indicated that the mechanical performance and rutting values of the base and subbase courses constructed using 100% RCA met the specified requirements.This paper presents field study and numerical modeling results for a single-cell low-fill concrete box culvert under a flexible pavement subjected to traffic loading. Regarding the long-term behavior, the permanent strain rate of the samples was reduced at an approximately constant level during the first load cycles. Based on the experimental results, RCA demonstrated higher resilient modulus and lower plastic deformation compared to that of conventional base and subbase materials. In the second stage, the plastic deformation (rutting) of the pavement courses and the maximum value of deflection when subjected to multiple wheel loads were determined using a 3D nonlinear numerical method. Then, by comparing the results of the three different constitutive models, the result of the more appropriate model was selected. In the laboratory study, along with the determination of the classical geotechnical properties of base and subbase samples, the stiffness properties of the samples were obtained by applying the resilient modulus test (RMT) and permanent deformation test (PDT).
This study is divided into two stages, i.e., a laboratory study characterizing the properties of RCA and a numerical analysis evaluating the long-term performance of RCA under heavy traffic load conditions. This study aims to investigate the effects of using 100% RCA in the pavement subbase and base courses on the mechanical behavior of the flexible pavement. The use of the recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) obtained from construction and demolition wastes not only reduces the demand for natural aggregate, which ultimately leads to economical and eco-friendly designs, but also improves the long-term performance of a conventional flexible pavement.
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